{"id":59118,"date":"2022-04-30T18:01:50","date_gmt":"2022-04-30T10:01:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/?p=59118"},"modified":"2023-07-28T19:29:29","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T11:29:29","slug":"linux-command-who","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-who\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Use the Who Command in Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <code>who<\/code> command in Linux is a command-line utility that displays information about users who are currently logged in to the system. It provides a quick overview of which users are logged in and what they are doing.<\/p>\n<p>The output of the <code>who<\/code> command typically includes the username, terminal name (tty\/pts), date and time of login, and remote host name of the user if the login is from a remote location.<\/p>\n<p>General syntax for <code>who<\/code> command:<\/p>\n<pre>\r\n$ who [OPTIONS...]\r\n<\/pre>\n<h3>1. Show all users\u2019 information<\/h3>\n<pre>who -a<\/pre>\n<p>The <code>-a<\/code> option allows you to see all the details of each user logged into the current system.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s a sample output of what the <code>who -a<\/code> command might show:<\/p>\n<pre>\r\nsystem boot  2023-07-09 08:15\r\nrun-level 5  2023-07-09 08:15\r\nLOGIN        tty1         2023-07-09 08:15              420 id=tty1\r\nusername  +  pts\/0        2023-07-09 10:18   .         1025 (192.168.1.10)\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>In this example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>system boot 2023-07-09 08:15<\/code> shows when the system was last booted.<\/li>\n<li><code>run-level 5 2023-07-09 08:15<\/code> indicates the system\u2019s current run level and when it was last changed. Run level 5 typically means the system is in multi-user mode with a graphical user interface.<\/li>\n<li><code>LOGIN tty1 2023-07-09 08:15 420 id=tty1<\/code> shows a login process that was started on terminal tty1 at the specified time. The number <code>420<\/code> is the process ID of the login process, and <code>id=tty1<\/code> is an identifier for the terminal.<\/li>\n<li><code>username + pts\/0 2023-07-09 10:18 . 1025 (192.168.1.10)<\/code> shows a user named username logged in on pseudo terminal <code>pts\/0<\/code> at the specified time. The <code>+<\/code> sign indicates that the user is allowed to receive messages. The dot (<code>.<\/code>) means the user is active. The number <code>1025<\/code> is the process ID of the user\u2019s shell, and <code>(192.168.1.10)<\/code> is the IP address of the remote host from which the user logged in.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>2. Show system\u2019s last boot time<\/h3>\n<pre>who -b<\/pre>\n<p>Use the <code>who<\/code> command with the <code>-b<\/code> option to print the last boot time of the system.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here is a sample output of the who -b command:<\/p>\n<pre>system boot  2023-07-09 08:17\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>In this example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>system boot<\/code> indicates that the information provided is about the system boot time.<\/li>\n<li><code>2023-07-09 08:17<\/code> is the date and time when the system was last booted.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>3. List all logged in users<\/h3>\n<pre>who -q<\/pre>\n<p>This command displays only the names of the logged-in users and the total number of logged-in users. The <code>-q<\/code> option stands for \u201cquick\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s a sample output of the who -q command:<\/p>\n<pre>username1 username2 username3\r\n# users=3\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>In this example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>username1<\/code>, <code>username2<\/code>, and <code>username3<\/code> are the names of the users currently logged in to the system.<\/li>\n<li><code># users=3<\/code> indicates the total number of users currently logged in to the system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>4. Check user\u2019s write permission<\/h3>\n<pre>who -T<\/pre>\n<p>The <code>who -t<\/code> command in Linux is used to display the last system boot time. The <code>-t<\/code> option stands for \u201ctime\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s type the <code>who -T<\/code> command to display user statuses in the terminal.<\/p>\n<pre>system boot  2023-07-09 08:15\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>In this example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>system boot<\/code> indicates that this is the time the system last booted.<\/li>\n<li><code>2023-07-09 08:15<\/code> is the date and time of the last system boot.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>5. Show all dead processes<\/h3>\n<pre>who -d<\/pre>\n<p>The <code>who -d<\/code> command in Linux is used to show the users who are logged in, but also includes the processes that were initiated by users but are currently in a \u201cdead\u201d state. These are processes that were started by logged-in users but are no longer attached to a user session.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Typing the <code>who<\/code> command with the <code>-d<\/code> option to show details of all dead processes.<\/p>\n<pre>username  pts\/0        2023-07-09 10:18 (192.168.1.10)\r\nusername  pts\/1        2023-07-09 10:20 .         12345\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>In this example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The first line is a regular user session, similar to the output of the <code>who<\/code> command.<\/li>\n<li>The second line represents a \u201cdead\u201d process. The <code>.<\/code> in the fourth column indicates that the process is no longer attached to a user session. The number <code>12345<\/code> at the end is the process ID (PID) of the dead process.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>6. Show information about current user<\/h3>\n<pre>who -m<\/pre>\n<p>The <code>who -m<\/code> command in Linux is used to show information about the current terminal. The <code>-m<\/code> option stands for \u201cmesg\u201d, which is short for \u201cmessage\u201d. It shows the information related to the current terminal only.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Here is a sample output of the <code>who -m<\/code> command:<\/p>\n<pre>username  pts\/0        2023-07-09 10:18\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>In this example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>username<\/code> is the name of the logged-in user.<\/li>\n<li><code>pts\/0<\/code> is the terminal name. The <code>pts<\/code> stands for pseudo terminal slave. If the user is logged in via a physical terminal, this would be <code>tty<\/code> (teletypewriter).<\/li>\n<li><code>2023-07-09 10:18<\/code> is the date and time the user logged in.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>7. Show all active processes spawned by INIT process<\/h3>\n<pre>who -p<\/pre>\n<p>The <code>who -p<\/code> command shows the active processes spawned by the init system. However, this option is not universally available on all Unix-like operating systems.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On systems where it is available, it might show output similar to this:<\/p>\n<pre>run-level 3  2023-07-09 10:18\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>n this example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>run-level 3<\/code> indicates the current run level of the system. Run levels are a state or mode that a Unix-like operating system like Linux operates in. Different run levels serve different purposes and are denoted by numbers. For instance, run level 3 typically means that the system is in multi-user mode with networking (the exact meaning can vary a bit depending on the system).<\/li>\n<li><code>2023-07-09 10:18<\/code> is the date and time when the current run level was set.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h3>8. Show current <code>runlevel<\/code><\/h3>\n<pre>who -r<\/pre>\n<p>The <code>who -r<\/code> command in Linux displays the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/searchdatacenter.techtarget.com\/definition\/runlevel\">current runlevel of the system<\/a>. The runlevel is a state of the system that defines what services and resources are available to users.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre>run-level 3  2023-07-09 10:18\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>In this example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>run-level 3<\/code> indicates the current runlevel of the system. In this case, it\u2019s 3, which typically means that the system is in multi-user mode with networking (this can vary slightly depending on the specific Linux distribution).<\/li>\n<li><code>2023-07-09 10:18<\/code> is the date and time when the current runlevel was last changed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"padding-bottom:10px\">More Linux commands:<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"150\">Directory Operations<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-rm-rmdir\/\"><code>rmdir<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-cd\/\"><code>cd<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-pwd\/\"><code>pwd<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-exa\/\"><code>exa<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-ls\/\"><code>ls<\/code><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"150\">File Operations<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-cat\/\"><code>cat<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-cp\/\"><code>cp<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-dd\/\"><code>dd<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-less\/\"><code>less<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-touch\/\"><code>touch<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-ln\/\"><code>ln<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-rename\/\"><code>rename<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-more\/\"><code>more<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-head\/\"><code>head<\/code><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"150\">File System Operations<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-chown\/\"><code>chown<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-mkfs\/\"><code>mkfs<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-locate\/\"><code>locate<\/code><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"150\">Networking<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-ping\/\"><code>ping<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-curl\/\"><code>curl<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-wget\/\"><code>wget<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-iptables\/\"><code>iptables<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-mtr\/\"><code>mtr<\/code><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"150\">Search and Text Processing<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-find\/\"><code>find<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-grep\/\"><code>grep<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-sed\/\"><code>sed<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-whatis\/\"><code>whatis<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-ripgrep\/\"><code>ripgrep<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-fd\/\"><code>fd<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-tldr\/\"><code>tldr<\/code><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"150\">System Information and Management<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-env\/\"><code>env<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-history\/\"><code>history<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-top\/\"><code>top<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-who\/\"><code>who<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-htop\/\"><code>htop<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-glances\/\"><code>glances<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-lsof\/\"><code>lsof<\/code><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"150\">User and Session Management<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-screen\/\"><code>screen<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-su\/\"><code>su<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-sudo\/\"><code>sudo<\/code><\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/linux-command-open\/\"><code>open<\/code><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The who command in Linux is a command-line utility that displays information about users who are currently logged in to the system. It provides a quick overview of which users are logged in and what they are doing. The output of the who command typically includes the username, terminal name (tty\/pts), date and time of&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3397],"tags":[888,3316],"topic":[],"class_list":["entry-content","is-maxi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Use the Who Command in Linux - Hongkiat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The who command in Linux is a command-line utility that displays information about users who are currently logged in to the system. 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