{"id":42779,"date":"2018-12-22T21:40:15","date_gmt":"2018-12-22T13:40:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/?p=42779"},"modified":"2025-04-04T02:51:38","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T18:51:38","slug":"filter-traverse-dom-tree-with-javascript","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/filter-traverse-dom-tree-with-javascript\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Filter and Traverse DOM Tree with JavaScript"},"content":{"rendered":"

Did you know there\u2019s a JavaScript API whose sole mission is to filter out and iterate through the nodes<\/strong> we want from a DOM tree? In fact, not one but there are two such APIs: NodeIterator<\/code><\/a> and TreeWalker<\/code><\/a>. They\u2019re quite similar to one another, with some useful differences. Both can return a list of nodes<\/strong> that are present under a given root node while complying with any predefined and\/or custom filter rules<\/strong> applied to them.<\/p>\n

The predefined filters available in the APIs can help us target different kinds of nodes<\/strong> such as text nodes or element nodes, and custom filters (added by us) can further filter the bunch<\/strong>, for instance by looking for nodes with specific contents. The returned list of nodes are iterable<\/strong>, i.e. they can be looped through<\/strong>, and we can work with all the individual nodes in the list.<\/p>\n

Read Also:<\/strong> Understanding Document Object Model (DOM) in Details<\/a><\/p>\n

How to use the NodeIterator<\/code> API<\/h2>\n

A NodeIterator<\/code> object can be created using the createNodeIterator()<\/a><\/code> method of the document<\/code> interface. This method takes three arguments<\/strong>. The first one is required; it\u201ds the root node<\/strong> that holds all the nodes we want to filter out.<\/p>\n

The second and third arguments are optional<\/strong>. They are the predefined and custom filters<\/strong>, respectively. The predefined filters are available for use as constants of the NodeFilter<\/code> object<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

For example, if the NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT<\/code> constant is added as the second parameter it will return an iterator for a list of all the text nodes under the root node<\/strong>. NodeFilter.SHOW_ELEMENT<\/code> will return only the element nodes<\/strong>. See a full list of all the available constants<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The third argument (the custom filter) is a function that implements the filter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Here is an example code snippet<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\r\n<!doctype html>\r\n<html lang='en'>\r\n  <head>\r\n    <meta charset='UTF-8'>\r\n    <title>Document<\/title>\r\n  <\/head>\r\n  <body>\r\n    <header><h1>title<\/h1><\/header>\r\n    <div id='wrapper'>\r\n      this is the page wrapper\r\n      <p>Hello<\/p>\r\n      <p>How are you?<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <span>txt<\/span>\r\n    <a href='#'>some link<\/a>\r\n    <footer>copyrights<\/footer>\r\n  <\/body>\r\n<\/html>\r\n<\/pre>\n
Assuming we want to extract the contents of all the text nodes that are inside the #wrapper<\/code> div<\/strong>, this is how we go about it using NodeIterator<\/code>:<\/p>\n
\r\nvar div = document.querySelector('#wrapper');\r\nvar nodeIterator = document.createNodeIterator(\r\n  div,\r\n  NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT\r\n);\r\nwhile(nodeIterator.nextNode()) {\r\n  console.log(nodeIterator.referenceNode.nodeValue.trim());\r\n}\r\n\/* console output\r\n[Log] this is the page wrapper\r\n[Log] Hello\r\n[Log]\r\n[Log] How are you?\r\n[Log]\r\n*\/\r\n<\/pre>\n
The nextNode()<\/code><\/a> method of the NodeIterator<\/code> API returns the next node in the list of iterable text nodes<\/strong>. When we use it in a while<\/code> loop to access each node in the list, we log the trimmed contents of every text node into the console. The referenceNode<\/code><\/a> property of NodeIterator<\/code> returns the node the iterator is currently attached to<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
As you can see in the output, there are some text nodes with just empty spaces for their contents. We can avoid showing these empty contents using a custom filter<\/strong>:<\/p>\n
\r\nvar div = document.querySelector('#wrapper');\r\nvar nodeIterator = document.createNodeIterator(\r\n  div,\r\n  NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT,\r\n  function(node) {\r\n    return (node.nodeValue.trim() !== \"\") ?\r\n    NodeFilter.FILTER_ACCEPT : NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT;\r\n  }\r\n);\r\nwhile(nodeIterator.nextNode()) {\r\n  console.log(nodeIterator.referenceNode.nodeValue.trim());\r\n}\r\n\/* console output\r\n[Log] this is the page wrapper\r\n[Log] Hello\r\n[Log] How are you?\r\n*\/\r\n<\/pre>\n
The custom filter function returns the constant NodeFilter.FILTER_ACCEPT<\/code>if the text node is not empty<\/strong>, which leads to the inclusion of that node in the list of nodes the iterator will be iterating over. Contrary, the NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT<\/code> constant is returned in order to exclude the empty text nodes<\/strong> from the iterable list of nodes.<\/p>\n
How to use the TreeWalker<\/code> API<\/h2>\n
As I mentioned before, the NodeIterator<\/code> and TreeWalker<\/code> APIs are similar to each other<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
TreeWalker<\/code> can be created using the createTreeWalker()<\/a><\/code> method of the document<\/code> interface. This method, just like createNodeFilter()<\/code>, takes three arguments<\/strong>: the root node, a predefined filter, and a custom filter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
If we use the TreeWalker<\/code> API instead of NodeIterator<\/code><\/strong> the previous code snippet looks like the following:<\/p>\n
\r\nvar div = document.querySelector('#wrapper');\r\nvar treeWalker = document.createTreeWalker(\r\n  div,\r\n  NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT,\r\n  function(node) {\r\n    return (node.nodeValue.trim() !== \"\") ?\r\n    NodeFilter.FILTER_ACCEPT : NodeFilter.FILTER_REJECT;\r\n  }\r\n);\r\nwhile(treeWalker.nextNode()) {\r\n  console.log(treeWalker.currentNode.nodeValue.trim());\r\n}\r\n\/* output\r\n[Log] this is the page wrapper\r\n[Log] Hello\r\n[Log] How are you?\r\n*\/\r\n<\/pre>\n
Instead of referenceNode<\/code>, the currentNode<\/code><\/a> property of the TreeWalker<\/code> API is used to access the node to which the iterator is currently attached<\/strong>. In addition to the nextNode()<\/code> method, Treewalker<\/code> has other useful methods. The previousNode()<\/code><\/a> method (also present in NodeIterator<\/code><\/a>) returns the previous node<\/strong> of the node the iterator is currently anchored to.<\/p>\n
Similar functionality is performed by the parentNode()<\/code><\/a>, firstChild()<\/code><\/a>, lastChild()<\/code><\/a>, previousSibling()<\/code><\/a>, and nextSibling()<\/code><\/a> methods. These methods are only available in the TreeWalker<\/code> API<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Here\u2019s a code example that outputs the last child of the node<\/strong> the iterator is anchored to:<\/p>\n
\r\nvar div = document.querySelector('#wrapper');\r\n  var treeWalker = document.createTreeWalker(\r\n  div,\r\n  NodeFilter.SHOW_ELEMENT\r\n);\r\nconsole.log(treeWalker.lastChild());\r\n\/*  output\r\n[Log] <p>How are you?<\/p>\r\n*\/\r\n<\/pre>\n
Which API to choose<\/h2>\n
Choose the NodeIterator<\/code> API, when you need just a simple iterator<\/strong> to filter and loop through the selected nodes. And, pick the TreeWalker<\/code> API, when you need to access the filtered nodes\u2019 family<\/strong>, such as their immediate siblings.<\/p>\n
Read Also:<\/strong> 15 JavaScript Methods For DOM Manipulation for Web Developers<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Did you know there\u2019s a JavaScript API whose sole mission is to filter out and iterate through the nodes we want from a DOM tree? In fact, not one but there are two such APIs: NodeIterator and TreeWalker. They\u2019re quite similar to one another, with some useful differences. Both can return a list of nodes…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":145,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3392],"tags":[3554,4117],"topic":[4520],"class_list":["entry-content","is-maxi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Filter and Traverse DOM Tree with JavaScript - Hongkiat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Did you know there's a JavaScript API whose sole mission is to filter out and iterate through the nodes we want from a DOM tree? 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