{"id":30112,"date":"2017-06-01T23:01:43","date_gmt":"2017-06-01T15:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/?p=30112"},"modified":"2019-05-24T21:27:43","modified_gmt":"2019-05-24T13:27:43","slug":"progressive-web-apps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/progressive-web-apps\/","title":{"rendered":"An Introduction to Progressive Web Apps"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Most developers have at least heard some buzz around <strong>Progressive Web Apps<\/strong>. These are widely supported by tech companies such as Google and are quickly becoming the <strong>norm for multi-device web applications<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>But, what\u2019s exactly the <strong>difference between a typical<\/strong> and a <em>progressive<\/em> web app?<\/p>\n<p>For developers, <strong>it\u2019s a whole world of difference<\/strong>. Progressive Web Apps use modern web APIs to <strong>create native app experiences<\/strong> in the browser. This means developers can build fast-loading dynamic apps without using <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/cross-mobile-platform-framework-wora\/\">hybrid frameworks<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended_top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Read Also:<\/strong>\u00a0\n\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/progressive-web-apps-future-of-modern-web\/\">Progressive Web Apps \u2013 The Future of the Modern Web?<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>In this guide, I\u2019ll cover the <strong>basics of Progressive Web Apps<\/strong>, some primary features, and how you can get started building your own.<\/p>\n<h2>What are Progressive Web Apps?<\/h2>\n<p>Progressive Web Apps (or PWAs) <strong>take advantage of web browser APIs<\/strong> to create native app experiences right in the browser on any device.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, Progressive Web Apps encompass a <strong>handful of technologies<\/strong> that developers can use to create powerful native-like applications. Many come from <strong>Web APIs<\/strong> such as the <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/API\/Service_Worker_API\">Service Workers API<\/a><\/strong> or the <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/API\/Push_API\">Push API<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>There are <strong>quite a few requirements<\/strong> to <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.ionic.io\/what-is-a-progressive-web-app\/\">call something a PWA<\/a> but these are the <strong>most important ones<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Is fully <strong>mobile responsive<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Adheres to <strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/progressive-enhancements-web-design-best-practices\/\">progressive enhancement<\/a><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Able to <strong>install locally<\/strong> on smartphones and tablets.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Runs offline<\/strong> without Internet, using service workers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Separates content from functionality<\/strong> using the <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/GoogleChromeLabs\/application-shell\">app shell<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Builts on HTTPS<\/strong> for greater security.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Discoverable<\/strong> in Google search.<\/li>\n<li>Has <strong>dynamic app-like pages<\/strong> but each still <strong>has its own URL<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you\u2019re <strong>thinking of building a small web app<\/strong> you might try creating a Progressive Web App instead. This comes with a bit of a learning curve but you have so much <strong>more control over the user experience<\/strong> as a result.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s dive into the fundamentals of Progressive Web Apps and learn what makes them tick.<\/p>\n<h2>Service workers<\/h2>\n<p>Every single Progressive Web App <strong>needs <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.dev\/\/getting-started\/primers\/service-workers\">service workers<\/a><\/strong>. These are <strong>like traffic officers<\/strong> who coordinate where traffic is going, where data is coming from, and how it <strong>all gets organized and cached<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In simple terms, the service worker <strong>operates as a JavaScript file<\/strong> and runs in the background of your web app. Whenever the user <strong>performs an event<\/strong>, it calls the <strong>service worker script<\/strong> to either pull data, save data, or both!<\/p>\n<p>Using the <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/developer.mozilla.org\/en-US\/docs\/Web\/API\/Service_Worker_API\">Service Worker API<\/a><\/strong> is <em>essential<\/em> to running an offline-supported PWA. This is how you <strong>transmit data between views<\/strong> and how you can <strong>request data from a local database<\/strong>. But, this is mostly advanced stuff that you learn by working on a PWA project.<\/p>\n<p>Take a peek at the <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/serviceworke.rs\/\">Service Workers Cookbook<\/a><\/strong> for <strong>basic snippets<\/strong> and <strong>live demos<\/strong>. This is a fantastic way to learn by studying what others have done and <strong>cloning that in your own apps<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/serviceworke.rs\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/progressive-web-apps\/01-serviceworker-cookbook.jpg\" alt=\"Service Workers Cookbook\" width=\"1000\" height=\"568\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>If you\u2019re hoping to build a Progressive Web App <strong>start with the Service Worker API<\/strong>. Just tinker with it and set up a simple demo locally. This will set the groundwork for later <strong>building custom application features and pages<\/strong> that all run through service workers.<\/p>\n<p>For <strong>beginners\u2019 guides<\/strong> and <strong>detailed code snippets<\/strong>, I specifically recommend these resources:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sitepoint.com\/getting-started-with-service-workers\/\">Getting Started with Service Workers<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/miguelmota.com\/blog\/getting-started-with-service-workers\/\">Getting started with Service Workers<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/googlechrome.github.io\/samples\/service-worker\/custom-offline-page\/\">Service Worker Sample: Custom Offline Page Sample<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The app shell<\/h2>\n<p>Most native apps <strong>follow an app shell architecture<\/strong> where the data and app code is <strong>completely separate from the UI<\/strong>. The application shell can be <strong>cached locally<\/strong> so each page loads incredibly fast.<\/p>\n<p>This keeps with the same \u201cnative app\u201d feeling where the <strong>interface always remains visible<\/strong> but the <strong>content\/functionality loads differently<\/strong> each time. Check out <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.dev\/\/architecture\/app-shell\">this page<\/a> on the Google Developers site to learn a bit more about the <strong>app shell model<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.dev\/\/architecture\/app-shell\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/progressive-web-apps\/02-application-shell.jpg\" alt=\"Application shell\" width=\"1000\" height=\"697\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>Most apps have a <strong>very simple app shell<\/strong> and you should design your architecture with <strong>simplicity in mind<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Typically, the app shell has these <strong>main elements<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Top navigation bar links.<\/li>\n<li>Refresh button (optional).<\/li>\n<li>Page background container.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You can find a nice case study <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.dev\/iowa2016\/\">here<\/a> about <strong>Google\u2019s I\/O Progressive Web App shell architecture<\/strong>. They also offer some tips for building your own shell architecture, caching it, and <strong>pulling it automatically for every page<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Think of the shell architecture as <strong>all the static UI elements<\/strong> you\u2019ll use on every single page. These should be <strong>separated from the rest of your code<\/strong> and cached for easy reuse. Also check out <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.dev\/\/architecture\/app-shell\">Google\u2019s intro<\/a><\/strong> to the subject with plenty of code <strong>snippets to help you get started<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Online & offline support<\/h2>\n<p>Most native apps <strong>run fine without Internet<\/strong>. Progressive Web Apps are meant to follow this same behavior.<\/p>\n<p>Through service workers, you can <strong>build local caches<\/strong> with JSON code for each page. This way users can <strong>browse your web app locally<\/strong>. You might also <strong>include a <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.dev\/customize-install\/\">manifest file<\/a><\/strong> to define your icons, splash screen, and other launch settings.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re using the Service Worker API take a peek at the <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/davidwalsh.name\/cache\">Cache API<\/a><\/strong> which is <strong>part of the same framework<\/strong>. It\u2019s generally the best way to <strong>store data locally<\/strong> and <strong>access it from service workers<\/strong> later.<\/p>\n<p>You can also <strong>test any web app<\/strong> using <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/GoogleChrome\/lighthouse\">Lighthouse<\/a><\/strong>, a free tool for checking feature compliance and support for PWA technologies.<\/p>\n<figure><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/chrome.google.com\/webstore\/detail\/lighthouse\/blipmdconlkpinefehnmjammfjpmpbjk\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/progressive-web-apps\/03-lighthouse-extension-hongkiat.jpg\" alt=\"Lighthouse Chrome extension\" width=\"750\" height=\"469\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>PWAs always <strong>require offline support<\/strong> through the Service Worker API, so they can <strong>work in low-connectivity states<\/strong>. Lighthouse is the best way to test for offline support along with a host of other features.<\/p>\n<h2>Live examples<\/h2>\n<p>Studying live PWAs and seeing how they work is a great way to learn. However, the Progressive Web App market is <strong>still emerging<\/strong>, so many of the best ones are <strong>scattered into various corners of the Internet<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>But, thanks to the <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pwarocks\/pwa.rocks\">PWA rocks<\/a> gallery<\/strong>, I\u2019ve curated a few amazing examples to show off what PWAs can really do.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Currency Converter<\/h3>\n<p>This fairly simple <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.currency-x.com\/\">currency converter<\/a><\/strong> takes exchange rates and calculates the current <strong>differences between a ton of currencies worldwide<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.currency-x.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/progressive-web-apps\/04-currencyx-webapp.jpg\" alt=\"CurrencyX web app\" width=\"750\" height=\"495\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>You\u2019ll notice this web app is <strong>fully responsive<\/strong>, <strong>supports touch<\/strong>, and <strong>auto-updates<\/strong> without any page refresh.<\/p>\n<p>These are just some of the features you expect in any <strong>typical Progressive Web App<\/strong>. This <strong>app can also be saved locally<\/strong> to your phone to work offline, although it does connect to a <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.currency-x.com\/en\/main\/currencies_json\">JSON file<\/a> to check current exchange rates.<\/p>\n<h3>2. English Accents<\/h3>\n<p>I simply adore this web app because it\u2019s both unique and incredibly well-designed. The <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.englishaccentsmap.com\/us\/\">English Accents Map<\/a><\/strong> <strong>curates videos online<\/strong> where people carry accents from specific regions of the US and UK.<\/p>\n<figure><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.englishaccentsmap.com\/us\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/progressive-web-apps\/05-english-accent-map.jpg\" alt=\"English accents map\" width=\"1000\" height=\"493\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>By clicking anywhere on the map, you can listen to how people pronounce certain words in different parts of the world. The app is lightning fast and it\u2019s <strong>open-sourced <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ismaelgt\/english-accents-map\">on GitHub<\/a><\/strong> for anyone to check out.<\/p>\n<p>The internals run on <strong>React\/Redux<\/strong> with <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/firebase.google.com\/docs\/web\/setup\">Firebase<\/a><\/strong> and an <strong>API connection to Google Maps<\/strong>. Definitely a great example of something fairly simple for beginners to study and learn.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Flipkart<\/h3>\n<p>Lastly and most surprisingly, let\u2019s see the <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flipkart.com\/\">Flipkart website<\/a><\/strong>. This full <strong>e-commerce shop is, in fact, a Progressive Web App<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flipkart.com\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/progressive-web-apps\/07-flipkart-homepage.jpg\" alt=\"Flipkart web app\" width=\"1000\" height=\"464\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>It\u2019s <strong>fully responsive<\/strong> and <strong>loads pages dynamically<\/strong>. Page URLs are appended to the browser, so you can copy\/paste and share them like a typical website.<\/p>\n<p>This is easily <strong>the most complex PWA I\u2019ve ever seen<\/strong>. I\u2019m amazed the developers were able to create such a seamless experience on the web for all users, let alone <strong>supporting local offline storage<\/strong>, too.<\/p>\n<p>And, while I couldn\u2019t find a repo for the entire Flipkart source code, there is a <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Flipkart\">Flipkart page on GitHub<\/a><\/strong> with <strong>smaller code snippets<\/strong> from their developer team.<\/p>\n<h2>Learning more<\/h2>\n<p>Progressive Web Apps are <strong>incredibly popular and will surely gain steam<\/strong> as more developers switch over from native\/hybrid apps.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s a yearly summit called the <strong>Progressive Web App Summit<\/strong> and they publish videos <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLNYkxOF6rcIAWWNR_Q6eLPhsyx6VvYjVb\">on YouTube<\/a> you can watch for free. This is a great way to <strong>pick up some pro knowledge without paying for a ticket<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>But, if you\u2019re looking for more detailed <strong>PWA coding guides<\/strong> definitely check out these tutorials:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.musefind.com\/build-your-first-progressive-web-app-with-react-8e1449c575cd\">Build your first progressive web app with React<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=4kt8lK3MoQY\">Building a Progressive Web App with Polymer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"recommended_top\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Read Also:<\/strong>\u00a0\n\t\t\t\t\t<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/responsive-vs-native-apps\/\">Best Practices For Web Designers: Responsive Layouts Or Native Apps? [Op-Ed]<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Most developers have at least heard some buzz around Progressive Web Apps. These are widely supported by tech companies such as Google and are quickly becoming the norm for multi-device web applications. But, what\u2019s exactly the difference between a typical and a progressive web app? For developers, it\u2019s a whole world of difference. Progressive Web&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[352],"tags":[4551,205,510,511],"topic":[4520],"class_list":["entry-content","is-maxi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>An Introduction to Progressive Web Apps - Hongkiat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Most developers have at least heard some buzz around Progressive Web Apps. These are widely supported by tech companies such as Google and are quickly\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/progressive-web-apps\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"An Introduction to Progressive Web Apps\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Most developers have at least heard some buzz around Progressive Web Apps. These are widely supported by tech companies such as Google and are quickly\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/progressive-web-apps\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hongkiat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/hongkiatcom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-06-01T15:01:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-05-24T13:27:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/progressive-web-apps\/01-serviceworker-cookbook.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jake Rocheleau\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@hongkiat\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@hongkiat\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jake Rocheleau\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jake Rocheleau\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/966b2daea15283b4145e71aa98a82c2a\"},\"headline\":\"An Introduction to Progressive Web Apps\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-06-01T15:01:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-05-24T13:27:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1318,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assets.hongkiat.com\\\/uploads\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/01-serviceworker-cookbook.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Progressive Web Apps\",\"web apps\",\"Web Designers\",\"Web Developers\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Web Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/\",\"name\":\"An Introduction to Progressive Web Apps - Hongkiat\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hongkiat.com\\\/blog\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assets.hongkiat.com\\\/uploads\\\/progressive-web-apps\\\/01-serviceworker-cookbook.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-06-01T15:01:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-05-24T13:27:43+00:00\",\"description\":\"Most developers have at least heard some buzz around Progressive Web Apps. 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