{"id":28751,"date":"2016-12-19T23:01:20","date_gmt":"2016-12-19T15:01:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/?p=28751"},"modified":"2023-04-06T21:57:49","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T13:57:49","slug":"html-5-1-new-features","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/html-5-1-new-features\/","title":{"rendered":"10 New Features of HTML 5.1 & How to Use Them IRL"},"content":{"rendered":"

The HTML specification got a major overhaul<\/strong> a couple of weeks ago when W3C<\/a> published its new HTML 5.1 recommendation<\/a><\/strong> in November 2016. In its recent blog post<\/a>, W3C called the new major release the gold standard<\/strong>, as HTML 5.1 provide us with new ways of how we can use HTML to create more flexible web experiences.<\/p>\n

In this article, we\u2019re going to have a look at its new features you can make use of without touching JavaScript<\/strong>, however the improvements of the JavaScript background are also remarkable, as you can see it in the official change log<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"HTML<\/a><\/figure>\n

Note that currently not all browsers support all of these features, so don\u2019t forget to check browser support<\/a><\/strong> before you use them in production. If you are interested in the further development of the HTML standard<\/strong>, you can check out the working draft of HTML 5.2<\/a> as well.<\/p>\n

Recommended Reading:<\/strong> A Look Into: ARIA Web Standards & HTML Apps Accessibility<\/a><\/p>\n

1. Define multiple image resources for responsive design<\/h2>\n

In HTML 5.1, you can use <picture><\/code><\/a><\/strong> tag together with the srcset<\/code><\/strong> attribute to make responsive image selection<\/strong> possible. The <picture><\/code> tag represents an image container<\/strong> that allows developers to declare different image resources<\/strong> in order to adapt to the UA<\/abbr>\u2018s viewport size, screen pixel density, screen type, and other parameters used in responsive design<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The <picture><\/code> tag itself doesn\u2019t display anything, it functions merely as context for the multiple image resources<\/strong>. You need to declare the default image resource<\/strong> as the value of the src<\/code> attribute of the <img><\/code> tag, and the alternative image resources<\/strong> go within the srcset<\/code> attributes of the <img><\/code> and <source><\/code><\/a> elements.<\/p>\n

Code example:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\r\n<picture>\r\n\t<source srcset=\"mobile.jpg, mobile-hd.jpg 2x\"\r\n      media=\"(max-width: 360px)\">\r\n\t<source srcset=\"large.jpg, large-hd.jpg 2x\"\r\n      media=\"(min-width: 1920px)\">\r\n  <img src=\"default.jpg\" srcset=\"default-hd.jpg 2x\"\r\n      alt=\"your image\">\r\n<\/picture>\r\n<\/pre>\n
2. Show or hide extra information<\/h2>\n
With the <details><\/code><\/a><\/strong> and <summary><\/code><\/a><\/strong> tags, you can add extended information<\/strong> to a content piece. The extra information isn\u2019t shown by default<\/strong>, but if users are interested, they have the option to take a look<\/strong>. In your code, you are supposed to place the <summary><\/code> tag inside <details><\/code><\/strong>. After the <summary><\/code> tag you can add the extra information<\/strong> you want to hide.<\/p>\n
Code example:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\r\n<section>\r\n  <h2>Error Message<\/h2>\r\n  <details>\r\n  <summary>We couldn't finish downloading this video.<\/summary>\r\n  <dl>\r\n    <dt>File name:<\/dt><dd>yourfile.mp4<\/dd>\r\n    <dt>File size:<\/dt><dd>100 MB<\/dd>\r\n    <dt>Duration:<\/dt><dd>00:05:27<\/dd>\r\n  <\/dl>\r\n  <\/details>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<\/pre>\n
This is how this code example looks like in Firefox 50.0.2:<\/p>\n
\"Details<\/figure>\n
3. Add functionality to the browser\u2019s context menu<\/h2>\n
With the <menuitem><\/code><\/a><\/strong> element and its type=\"context\"<\/code><\/strong> attribute, you can add custom functionality<\/strong> to the context menu of the browser<\/strong>. You need to assign <menuitem><\/code> as the child element of the <menu><\/code> tag.\n  The id<\/code> of the <menu><\/code> element needs to carry the same value as the contextmenu<\/code><\/a> attribute<\/strong> of the element to which we want to add the context menu to (which is the <button><\/code> element in the example below).<\/p>\n
Code example:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\r\n<button contextmenu=\"rightclickmenu\">Right click me<\/button>\r\n<menu type=\"context\" id=\"rightclickmenu\">\r\n  <menuitem type=\"checkbox\" label=\"I \u2665 HTML5.1.\">\r\n<\/menu>\r\n<\/pre>\n
The <menuitem><\/code> tag can have three different types<\/strong>, \"checkbox\"<\/code>, \"command\"<\/code> (to which you need to add an action with JavaScript), and radio<\/code>. It\u2019s possible to add more than one menu item to a context menu, however the browser support<\/a><\/strong> for this feature is not very good yet<\/strong>. Chrome 54 doesn\u2019t support it, and Firefox 50 only allows the presence of one extra context menu. Below you can see how the code example works in Firefox 50.<\/p>\n
\"Contextmenu<\/figure>\n
4. Nest headers and footers<\/h2>\n
HTML 5.1 allows you to nest headers<\/a> and footers<\/a><\/strong> if each level is contained within sectioning content<\/a><\/strong>. The note below is a screenshot from the W3C docs<\/a>, and advises developers about the right way of header and footer nesting.<\/p>\n
\"W3C<\/a><\/figure>\n
This feature can be useful if you want to add elaborated headers to semantic sectioning elements<\/a><\/strong>, such as <article><\/code> and <section><\/code>. The code example below creates a sidebar inside the header, the <aside><\/code> tag is also a sectioning element, and adds extra information<\/strong> about the author inside it. The sidebar inside the header has its own header<\/strong> as well, with a subtitle and the author\u2019s contact info.<\/p>\n
Code example:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\r\n\t<article>\r\n\t  <header>\r\n\t    <h1>Article Title<\/h1>\r\n\t    <aside>\r\n\t      <header>\r\n\t        <h2>About the author<\/h2>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"#\">Email<\/a><a href=\"#\">Twitter<\/a><\/p>\r\n\t      <\/header>\r\n\t      <img src=\"photo.jpg\" alt=\"Author photo\">\r\n\t      <p>Author bio ... <\/p>\r\n\t    <\/aside>\r\n\t  <\/header>\r\n\t  <p>Article intro<\/p>\r\n\t  <p>Other paragraphs ...<\/p>\r\n\t<\/article>\r\n<\/pre>\n
5. Use cryptographic nonces for styles & scripts<\/h2>\n
With HTML 5.1, you can add cryptographic nonces to styles and scripts<\/strong>. You can use the nonce<\/code> attribute within the <script><\/code><\/a> and the <style><\/code><\/a> elements<\/strong>. A cryptographic nonce is a randomly generated number that can be used only once<\/strong>, and has to be regenerated<\/strong> for every page request. A nonce can be used by the Content Security Policy<\/a><\/strong> of a website to decide if the certain script or style should be applied on the page. In Google Developers\u2019 Web Fundamentals<\/a> you can read more on the proper usage of nonces and CSP<\/abbr>.<\/p>\n
Below, you can see a simple code example of how to use the nonce<\/code> attribute, however note that in a real world scenario its value shouldn\u2019t be hard-coded but randomly generated<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Code example:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\r\n<script nonce='adfjaf8eda64U7'>\r\n  \/\/ some JavaScript\r\n<\/script>\r\n<\/pre>\n
6. Create reverse link relationships<\/h2>\n
You can add the rev<\/code><\/a> attribute<\/strong> to your links again. It was previously defined in HTML 4, however it wasn\u2019t supported by HTML5. HTML 5.1 allows developers to use this attribute again for the <link><\/code> and <a><\/code> elements<\/strong>. The rev<\/code> attribute is the opposite of rel<\/code><\/strong>, it specifies the relationship of the current and the linked document in the reverse direction<\/strong> (how the current document is related to the linked one).<\/p>\n
Code example:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\r\n<!-- Current document is the parent of the\r\nlinked category.html document -->\r\n<link rev=\"parent\" href=\"category.html\">\r\n<\/pre>\n
The rev<\/code> attribute has been included in the HTML 5.1 specs primarily to support RDFa<\/abbr><\/strong> which is a widely-used structured data markup format<\/strong>, and extends the HTML language<\/a>.<\/p>\n
 Recommended Reading:<\/strong> Improve Your Search Results with Rich Snippets & Schema.org Vocabulary<\/a><\/p>\n
7. Use zero-width images<\/h2>\n
HTML 5.1 makes it possible to create zero-width images<\/a><\/strong> by permitting developers to use the width<\/code> attribute with 0<\/code> as value<\/strong>. This feature can be useful if you want to include images that you don\u2019t want to show to users<\/strong>, such as tracking image files. Zero-width images are recommended to be used together with empty alt<\/code> attributes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
Code example:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\r\n<img src=\"yourimage.jpg\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" alt=\"\">\r\n<\/pre>\n
8. Separate browser contexts to prevent phishing attacks<\/h2>\n
Using same origin links on your website can eventually get you into some trouble. The vulnerability is called the target=\u201d_blank\u201d exploit<\/a><\/strong>, and it\u2019s a nasty phishing attack. You can (safely) test how this attack works<\/strong> on this clever Github demo page<\/a>, and its background code you can find here on Github<\/a>.<\/p>\n
HTML 5.1 has standardized the usage of the rel=\"noopener\"<\/code><\/a><\/strong> attribute which separates browser contexts<\/strong> therefore eliminates this issue. You can use rel=\"noopener\"<\/code> within the <a><\/code> and <area><\/code> elements.<\/p>\n
Code example:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\r\n<a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n\tYour link that won't make troubles\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/pre>\n
9. Create an empty option<\/h2>\n
HTML 5.1 allows developers to create an empty <option><\/code><\/a> element<\/strong>. The <option><\/code> tag can be the child element of the <select><\/code>, <optgroup><\/code>, or <datalist><\/code> elements. The possibility of having an empty <option><\/code><\/strong> can be useful if you don\u2019t want to suggest which option users should select, and which can be useful when you want to design user-friendly forms.<\/p>\n
 Recommended Reading:<\/strong> 4 Form Design UX Tips You Should Know (With Examples)<\/a><\/p>\n
10. Handle figure captions more flexibly<\/h2>\n
The <figcaption><\/code><\/a> tag represents a caption or a legend<\/strong> belonging to the <figure><\/code><\/a> element which is a container for visuals, such as illustrations, photos, and diagrams. Previously, the <figcaption><\/code> tag could be used only as the first or last child of the <figure><\/code> element<\/strong>. HTML 5.1 has loosened this rule<\/strong>, and now <figcaption><\/code> can appear anywhere<\/strong> within its <figure><\/code> container.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Discover the latest HTML 5.1 features that will enhance your web development skills. Stay up-to-date and create better websites.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":146,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3392],"tags":[506],"topic":[4520],"class_list":["entry-content","is-maxi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n10 New Features of HTML 5.1 & How to Use Them IRL - Hongkiat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the latest HTML 5.1 features that will enhance your web development skills. Stay up-to-date and create better websites.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/html-5-1-new-features\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"10 New Features of HTML 5.1 & How to Use Them IRL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover the latest HTML 5.1 features that will enhance your web development skills. 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