{"id":27051,"date":"2022-04-07T23:01:21","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T15:01:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/?p=27051"},"modified":"2022-07-19T19:38:12","modified_gmt":"2022-07-19T11:38:12","slug":"fullstack-web-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/fullstack-web-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting Started with Full-Stack Web Development"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>These days, modern <strong>full stack development<\/strong> is very popular in both small agencies and larger companies with a dedicated technical team. Full stack web engineers work on an entire <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/questions\/382665\/what-is-meant-by-the-term-web-stack\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">web stack<\/a> of technologies <strong>including frontend, backend<\/strong>, and<strong> server management<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Many people argue that full stack only leads to being a \"jack of all trades, master of none\". From a certain point of view this may be true, however skillset is only as important as what can be accomplished with it. Many full stack devs offer value because they can take an idea <strong>from conception to launch<\/strong>, and fully comprehend <strong>every step of the process<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re thinking of <strong>going the the full stack route<\/strong>, then this article is for you. I will explain the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/tag\/web-developers\/\" rel=\"noopener\">general requirements of a full stack developer<\/a>, what the role entails, and how the skillset can be useful for <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/category\/freelance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">freelancers\/contractors<\/a> who want to work directly either for clients or in their own projects.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ref-block ref-block--post\" id=\"ref-post-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/free-web-development-courses-beginners\/\" class=\"ref-block__link\" title=\"Read More: Free Web Development Courses for Beginners\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Free Web Development Courses for Beginners<\/span><\/a>\n<div class=\"ref-block__thumbnail img-thumb img-thumb--jumbo\" data-img='{ \"src\" : \"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/thumbs\/250x160\/free-web-development-courses-beginners.jpg\" }'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n<style>.no-js #ref-block-post-58780 .ref-block__thumbnail { background-image: url(\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/thumbs\/250x160\/free-web-development-courses-beginners.jpg\"); }<\/style>\n<\/noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"ref-block__summary\">\n<h4 class=\"ref-title\">Free Web Development Courses for Beginners<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ref-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLove it or hate it, every new year many people decide to make that year even bigger and...\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Read more<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Full Stack Fundamentals<\/h2>\n<p>Modern full stack development has come a long way, as web technology has changed a lot. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sitepoint.com\/full-stack-developer\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Full stack requirements<\/a> should be used as guidelines to consider following. Generally speaking a \"stack\" represents the technologies running in unison <strong>to make a website work<\/strong>. This means frontend code, backend code, a database system, and a web server platform + OS for the server.<\/p>\n<p>The basic tenet of full stack development is to understand all aspects of constructing a website. This does not mean knowledge of design or UI\/UX work, although that can greatly improve your viability and work quality.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The fundamentals of frontend include <strong>HTML\/CSS and JavaScript<\/strong>, most likely with a <strong>framework<\/strong>, such as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/tag\/angularjs\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Angular<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/reactjs.org\/index.html\" rel=\"noopener\">React<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>For a backend language you\u2019ll want to pick something that can be coupled with a database system. <strong>PHP\/MySQL<\/strong> is the most common and easiest to learn because it powers many CMS engines like WordPress. Also the <strong>LAMP<\/strong> stack is undeniably the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/Why-did-the-LAMP-stack-gain-such-widespread-popularity\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">most popular web stack<\/a> today.<\/li>\n<li>Server knowledge could be as simple or as detailed as you like. The absolute basics would be knowledge of a server program like <strong>Apache<\/strong> coupled with a database like <strong>MySQL<\/strong> or <strong>PostgreSQL<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>You might go even further to include knowledge of installing mail servers, or performance tools, such as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/memcached.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">memcached<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/varnish-cache.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Varnish<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/memcached.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/fullstack-web-development\/01-memecached-apache-caching.jpg\" alt=\"Memecached Website Layout\" width=\"700\" height=\"478\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>A full stack dev should dabble in all three areas with enough knowledge to <strong>launch a website independently<\/strong>, and without much help from anyone else.<\/p>\n<h2>Technical Depth of Knowledge<\/h2>\n<p>A big question about full stack development is <strong>how deep to go into each area<\/strong>. Is a full stack engineer really ever a master of anything? Some argue that it\u2019s possible, but <strong>that may not be the purpose of going full stack<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Most companies want to hire full stack engineers who have a bit of knowledge everywhere. These engineers may specialize in one area, but <strong>they\u2019re able to fill any role when needed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Devs who are just starting down this path should <strong>toy around in all areas learning \"just enough\" to solve problems as they arise<\/strong>. This gives a real world interpretation to the technologies to see how different problems apply to real projects.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/fullstack-web-development\/02-tech-writing-code-imac.jpg\" alt=\"Writing Code on Imac Developer\" width=\"700\" height=\"498\"><\/figure>\n<p>The largest benefit of full stack coding is the ability to <strong>build your own applications<\/strong> without working for anyone else.<\/p>\n<p>If you learn every stage of the development process then you can do everything yourself. You don\u2019t need to be a master of PHP to build a custom Laravel app. And you don\u2019t need to be a JavaScript guru to create a flexible dropdown navigation especially now that we have so much <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/drop-down-menu-30-free-scripts-to-enhance-header-navigation\/\" rel=\"noopener\">open source code<\/a> available on the web.<\/p>\n<p>So how deep should you go into any of these areas? This is entirely up to you, and your answer will probably change over time.<\/p>\n<p>But when first getting started, just <strong>go deep enough to implement what you\u2019ve learned into a real project<\/strong>. When you bump into something you don\u2019t understand, <strong>use it as an opportunity to go deeper<\/strong>, and <strong>learn more about that particular subject<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Choosing Languages<\/h2>\n<p>It\u2019s a bit of a conundrum for the new developer to choose which technologies to learn. Getting the necessities out of the way, <strong>HTML and CSS are absolutely required<\/strong>. <strong>JavaScript is also a necessity<\/strong>, but you don\u2019t need to consider yourself a JS master. You should however be interested to learn more than just plain JavaScript.<\/p>\n<p>Most devs learn <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/jquery.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">jQuery<\/a> as well, but frameworks like <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/reactjs.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">React<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/emberjs.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Ember<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/angular.io\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Angular<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/vuejs.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Vue<\/a>, or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/backbonejs.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Backbone<\/a> all offer a simpler process for building full-scale web applications.<\/p>\n<figure><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/angular.io\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/fullstack-web-development\/03-angular2-website-homepage.jpg\" alt=\"Angular 2 Website Home Page\" width=\"700\" height=\"378\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>It\u2019s possible to dive even deeper learning <strong>fancy JavaScript effects<\/strong>, such as animations, but they\u2019re totally optional. A full stack developer should know just enough to get the job done, and move on from there.<\/p>\n<p>Backend language choice is less about technical advantage, and more about comfort. Most programmers realize that <strong>Python is a more versatile language than PHP<\/strong>, however the majority of websites run on PHP servers. This makes <strong>PHP a valuable language<\/strong> to more companies.<\/p>\n<figure><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.php.net\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/fullstack-web-development\/04-php-net-website-homepage.jpg\" alt=\"Php.net Website 2016 Screenshot\" width=\"700\" height=\"311\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>Pick whatever language suits your needs, or offers you the greatest prospects. Also keep in mind that <strong>you\u2019re not stuck with one backend language forever<\/strong>. If you start with Ruby but switch to Python you don\u2019t lose anything in the process.<\/p>\n<p>However I do recommend that once you find a backend language you like, delve deeper with that language, and <strong>pick up a related framework<\/strong>. PHP has <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/laravel.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Laravel<\/a>, Ruby has <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/rubyonrails.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Rails<\/a>, and Python has <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.djangoproject.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Django<\/a> \u2014 among many other options. These frameworks will expedite your development process, and help you properly structure your applications.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ref-block ref-block--post\" id=\"ref-post-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/best-php-frameworks\/\" class=\"ref-block__link\" title=\"Read More: 10 PHP Frameworks For Developers \u2013 Best of\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">10 PHP Frameworks For Developers \u2013 Best of<\/span><\/a>\n<div class=\"ref-block__thumbnail img-thumb img-thumb--jumbo\" data-img='{ \"src\" : \"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/thumbs\/250x160\/best-php-frameworks.jpg\" }'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n<style>.no-js #ref-block-post-24698 .ref-block__thumbnail { background-image: url(\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/thumbs\/250x160\/best-php-frameworks.jpg\"); }<\/style>\n<\/noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"ref-block__summary\">\n<h4 class=\"ref-title\">10 PHP Frameworks For Developers \u2013 Best of<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ref-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPHP, known as the most popular server-side scripting language in the world, has evolved a lot since the...\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Read more<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Databases & Servers<\/h2>\n<p>Choosing a database engine comes down to project requirements and server stack. PHP often works with MySQL, so that\u2019s the most preferred choice. The <strong>two biggest web stacks<\/strong> today are <strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LAMP_(software_bundle)\" rel=\"noopener\">LAMP<\/a><\/strong> (Linux-Apache-MySQL-PHP) and <strong><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/linnovate\/mean\" rel=\"noopener\">MEAN<\/a><\/strong> (MongoDB-ExpressJS-AngularJS-Node.js).<\/p>\n<p>Most hosting companies offer LAMP from the start with no setup required. But custom solutions like <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/go\/do\">DigitalOcean<\/a> allow you to run almost anything with a little elbow grease. You can find more web stacks on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.webopedia.com\/reference\/webstack-acronyms\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">this list<\/a>, or by searching around online.<\/p>\n<p>Your database of choice will often be <strong>tied to your backend language<\/strong>. Python comes with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/zetcode.com\/db\/sqlitepythontutorial\/\" rel=\"noopener\">SQLite<\/a> support by default, and <abbr title=\"Ruby on Rails\">RoR<\/abbr> devs can typically <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\/a\/2790896\/477958\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">work with anything<\/a>. And honestly, any language can usually work with <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/webdev-with-mongodb-part1\/\" rel=\"noopener\">any database<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But you want to pick something that\u2019s common enough to use in the majority of web projects. SQL is a general language, and it uses mostly the same syntax across all database engines. You will find differences in table setup & administration, but these are typically minor.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/fullstack-web-development\/05-server-interior-cpu.jpg\" alt=\"Intel CPU Server\" width=\"700\" height=\"477\"><\/figure>\n<p>Beyond databases, here are some technical server-side topics you might want to learn about.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CDNs and content hosting<\/li>\n<li>Server software installation & updates<\/li>\n<li>Best server configs for traffic spikes & load times<\/li>\n<li>Caching solutions for both database queries and file system storage<\/li>\n<li>Automated backups of databases and flat files, or disk imaging backups<\/li>\n<li>HTTPS setup with domain management (DNS servers, CNAME records, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>More detailed subjects, such as email, microservices, and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nginx.com\/resources\/glossary\/load-balancing\/\" rel=\"noopener\">load balancing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One of the best ways to learn is <strong>tinkering with servers<\/strong> as you build projects. Grab a basic <abbr title=\"Virtual Private Server\">VPS<\/abbr> account, and try setting up your own stacks. These VPSs are complete virtual server environments where you have full control to configure (or destroy) everything. Also, the list above isn\u2019t a required roadmap for all full stack developers.<\/p>\n<p>The only knowledge you really need is <strong>whatever is required to create a blank server environment, and install the software needed to run a website<\/strong>. From there, anything else is just improved knowledge. If you ever have questions or want to learn from professionals check out Reddit\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/sysadmin\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\/r\/SysAdmin<\/a> community.<\/p>\n<h2>The Road Ahead<\/h2>\n<p>If you really want to learn full stack development, <strong>make a list of all the technologies you want to learn<\/strong>. From there, you can tackle them one-by-one making up your own practice projects to test what you learn.<\/p>\n<p>Web development is an ever-changing industry, so you should always be willing to learn more. Test various stacks and languages until you find what you like. But always be willing to go deeper and get better!<\/p>\n<div class=\"ref-block ref-block--post\" id=\"ref-post-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/learn-web-design\/\" class=\"ref-block__link\" title=\"Read More: The Best Ways to Learn Web Design: A Simple Guide\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Best Ways to Learn Web Design: A Simple Guide<\/span><\/a>\n<div class=\"ref-block__thumbnail img-thumb img-thumb--jumbo\" data-img='{ \"src\" : \"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/thumbs\/250x160\/learn-web-design.jpg\" }'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n<style>.no-js #ref-block-post-21591 .ref-block__thumbnail { background-image: url(\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/thumbs\/250x160\/learn-web-design.jpg\"); }<\/style>\n<\/noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"ref-block__summary\">\n<h4 class=\"ref-title\">The Best Ways to Learn Web Design: A Simple Guide<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ref-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAre you interested in learning web design but not sure which path to take? Generally, there are three...\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Read more<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Is full stack development worth the effort? That\u2019s for you to decide. But here are some related posts that might help you figure that out.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.heapsortjobs.com\/on-the-legitimacy-of-fullstack\" rel=\"noopener\">On the Legitimacy of \"Full-Stack\"<\/a> <em>(heapsortjobs.com)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/usersnap.com\/blog\/how-to-become-a-full-stack-developer\/\" rel=\"noopener\">7 Tips On How To Become A Full Stack Developer<\/a> <em>(usersnap.com)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>These days, modern full stack development is very popular in both small agencies and larger companies with a dedicated technical team. Full stack web engineers work on an entire web stack of technologies including frontend, backend, and server management. Many people argue that full stack only leads to being a &#8220;jack of all trades, master&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[352],"tags":[511],"topic":[4520],"class_list":["entry-content","is-maxi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Getting Started with Full-Stack Web Development - Hongkiat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"These days, modern full stack development is very popular in both small agencies and larger companies with a dedicated technical team. 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