{"id":19415,"date":"2014-02-26T23:01:05","date_gmt":"2014-02-26T15:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/?p=19415"},"modified":"2023-05-19T22:42:54","modified_gmt":"2023-05-19T14:42:54","slug":"look-into-biometric-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/look-into-biometric-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"A Look Into: Biometric Technology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This article was first Published on: Feb 26, 2014.<\/p>\n<p>With increasingly more sensitive and personal information being stored on devices nowadays, biometric technology has become <strong>more and more important for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/top-security-tools-for-smartphones\/\">security<\/a><\/strong>, and to ensure that this information doesn\u2019t fall into the wrong hands. The popularity of Apple\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/iphone-charging-stations-and-docks\/\">iPhone 5s<\/a>, with its Touch ID fingerprint scanning technology, should tell you that biometrics is definitely on the rise.<\/p>\n<p>And it\u2019s not just the iPhone 5s either: there were a lot of new tech devices featuring biometric technology at the recent Consumer Electronics Show (CES). And there\u2019s definitely more to come. From <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/future-smartphone-features\/\">smartphones<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/evolution-of-home-video-game-consoles-1967-2011\/\">video game consoles<\/a> to biometric wristbands, biometric technology is definitely going to make its way to more and more devices over the next few years. Here\u2019s <strong>a quick look into the present, and future, of biometric technology<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ref-block ref-block--post\" id=\"ref-post-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hongkiat.com\/blog\/change-your-passwords\/\" class=\"ref-block__link\" title=\"Read More: Golden Rule to Internet Security: Change Your Passwords\" rel=\"bookmark\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Golden Rule to Internet Security: Change Your Passwords<\/span><\/a>\n<div class=\"ref-block__thumbnail img-thumb img-thumb--jumbo\" data-img='{ \"src\" : \"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/thumbs\/250x160\/change-your-passwords.jpg\" }'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<noscript>\n<style>.no-js #ref-block-post-14983 .ref-block__thumbnail { background-image: url(\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/thumbs\/250x160\/change-your-passwords.jpg\"); }<\/style>\n<\/noscript>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"ref-block__summary\">\n<h4 class=\"ref-title\">Golden Rule to Internet Security: Change Your Passwords<\/h4>\n<p class=\"ref-description\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIn today's technology-powered world, everything from our emails, and social networking sites to our Internet banking details is...\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Read more<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>What Is Biometric Technology?<\/h2>\n<p>Biometrics is a form of <strong>user identification and access control that uses physiological attributes<\/strong> such as a person\u2019s fingerprints, face and retina in order to identify users. Biometrics can also <strong>identify users based on certain behavioral tendencies<\/strong> such as speech patterns and typing rhythm.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/look-into-biometric-technology\/biometric-capability.jpg\" height=\"228\" width=\"500\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"sue-icon-text su-image-caption\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"self\" style=\"min-height:34px;padding-left:36px;color:#333333\">\n<div class=\"sue-icon-text-icon\" style=\"color:#333333;font-size:24px;width:24px;height:24px\"><i class=\"sui sui-photo\" style=\"font-size:24px;color:#333333\"><\/i><\/div>\n<div class=\"sue-icon-text-content su-u-trim\" style=\"color:#333333\">Image Source: <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lockheedmartin.com\/en-us\/capabilities.html\">lockheedmartin<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"clear:both;height:0\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Unlike normal forms of access control such as identity cards or PIN numbers, these physiological characteristics are <strong>difficult to fake<\/strong>, leading to increased security. These physiological characteristics are also pretty much <strong>impossible to misplace<\/strong>, unlike an access card.<\/p>\n<p>Physiological attributes such as fingerprints and retina patterns aren\u2019t just picked at random, though; each of these attributes has to fulfill a number of requirements to ensure that they\u2019re suitable to be used in biometric identification. There are <strong>3 particularly important requirements<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Inimitable<\/strong>: The attribute must not be reproducible.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Singularity<\/strong>: The attribrute must be singular and unique enough to diffrentiate one person from another.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Convenience<\/strong>: The attribute must be convenient to measure and capture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As far as security is concerned, there are few reasons to prefer traditional password or access card systems over biometrics, except for one problem. With current password systems, it\u2019s easy to provide a new password if the old one is compromised.<\/p>\n<p>However, if a user\u2019s fingerprint or other biometric identifier is somehow compromised, there\u2019s currently <strong>no way to \u201ccancel\u201d or \u201creset\u201d biometrics<\/strong>; after all, there\u2019s no way for a service to issue a user with a new face if their facial recognition data is somehow compromised.<\/p>\n<h2>Biometric Technology Today<\/h2>\n<p>The most appealing thing about biometrics has to be the way that they <strong>might one day replace passwords<\/strong>. Here\u2019s a quick look into some of the ways biometrics are being implemented in consumer devices right now, plus the positives and negatives of each technology when it comes to replacing passwords.<\/p>\n<h3>Fingerprint Scanning<\/h3>\n<p>Fingerprint scanning is currently <strong>the most common form of biometric technology<\/strong> and, according to Frost & Sullivan, should <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biometricupdate.com\/201312\/fingerprint-to-remain-king-for-consumer-devices-but-standardization-is-needed-frost-sullivan\">remain the leading biometric technology<\/a> for at least the next few years. Fingerprint scanning works by <strong>scanning the ridges and valleys on a finger\u2019s surface<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Notable uses of fingerprint scanning in consumer electronics are the fingerprint sensors on the iPhone 5S, HTC One Max and FingerQ\u2019s Q-Case series of smartphone cases. In most of these cases, fingerprint scanning is used to unlock the phone.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/look-into-biometric-technology\/iphone-5s-finger-scanning.jpg\" alt=\"iPhone 5S Finger Scanning\" height=\"374\" width=\"500\"><\/figure>\n<p>Fingerprint scanning definitely fits the criteria for <strong>convenience and singularity<\/strong>, but it\u2019s <strong>not as inimitable as other forms of biometrics<\/strong>. A perfect example is, of course, how Germany\u2019s Chaos Computer Club managed to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2013-09-22-chaos-computer-club-apple-touch-id-fake-fingerprint.html\">beat Apple\u2019s Touch ID<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>As the Club pointed out, it\u2019s entirely possible to create a fake fingerprint, as long as a clean fingerprint can be lifted off of a surface. Since we leave hundreds, if not thousands of fingerprints a day, obtaining a fingerprint for this purpose probably isn\u2019t as hard as most of us would like to think.<\/p>\n<h3>Iris And Retina Scanning<\/h3>\n<p>Retina and iris scanning work on roughly the same principle; <strong>iris and retina patterns are unique<\/strong> and this makes them suitable for biometric identification. But where a retinal scan goes deep into the eye to identify users based on their retina pattern, iris scanning identifies users based on their iris pattern, which is visible without deep scanning.<\/p>\n<p>Eyelock\u2019s <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eyelock.com\/\">Myris<\/a> is an upcoming device that will let you <strong>log in to sites and apps simply through iris scanning<\/strong>. Apple also seems to have an interest in iris scanning; if <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/9to5mac.com\/2014\/01\/17\/apple-continues-hiring-raid-on-medical-sensor-field-as-it-develops-eye-scanning-technology\/\">a couple of recent hires<\/a> are anything to go by, so we may just see iris scanning in an upcoming Apple device.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/look-into-biometric-technology\/biometric_technology-eye.jpg\" height=\"333\" width=\"500\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"sue-icon-text su-image-caption\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"self\" style=\"min-height:34px;padding-left:36px;color:#333333\">\n<div class=\"sue-icon-text-icon\" style=\"color:#333333;font-size:24px;width:24px;height:24px\"><i class=\"sui sui-photo\" style=\"font-size:24px;color:#333333\"><\/i><\/div>\n<div class=\"sue-icon-text-content su-u-trim\" style=\"color:#333333\">Image Source: <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bluesheepdog.com\/handheld-biometric-technology-law-enforcement\/\">bluesheepdog<\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"clear:both;height:0\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Both the iris and retina are very much inimitable and singular, with <strong>very low false positives and negatives<\/strong>. For instance, Eyelock claims that the chances of a false match with Myris are 1 in 2 trillion. <strong>Retina scanning is not particularly convenient,<\/strong> as it requires users to have their eyes extremely close to a dedicated scanning device. This, plus the <strong>high cost of retina scanners<\/strong>, makes retinal scanning less desirable for consumer electronics devices.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Iris scanning is a lot more convenient<\/strong>, since it only requires a much more common infra-red camera and can be performed at a distance. One potential issue, though, with both of these methods that the identification accuracy can be effected by medical conditions, eye surgery and alcohol consumption (in the case of iris scanning).<\/p>\n<h3>Facial Recognition<\/h3>\n<p>Facial recognition software identifies individuals <strong>based on nodal points<\/strong> such as the distance between a person\u2019s eyes, the width of the nose and the shape of cheekbones. Facial recognition is <strong>already being used on Facebook<\/strong>, where it\u2019s used to automatically identify people in photos.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also recently made an appearance in both Microsoft\u2019s Xbox One and Sony\u2019s PlayStation 4, both of which use facial recognition to automatically sign users in. Android versions 4.0 and above also come with a Face Unlock feature, which allows users to <strong>unlock devices using their face<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/look-into-biometric-technology\/android-face-unlock.jpg\" alt=\"Android Face Unlock\" height=\"271\" width=\"500\"><\/figure>\n<p>One of the biggest issues with facial recognition is that <strong>it\u2019s not 100% inimitable<\/strong>. Certain systems are reasonably easy to spoof by simply using a photo of the target. Not all systems suffer from this same weakness though: Google, for example, have patented a liveness test for facial recognition.<\/p>\n<p>Singularity and convenience aren\u2019t huge problems for facial recognition, but the important thing with facial recognition is the recognition software itself. More specifically, it\u2019s important that the <strong>software is able to recognise faces under various lighting conditions<\/strong> and when wearing accessories such as glasses or hats.<\/p>\n<h3>Voice Recognition<\/h3>\n<p>Voice-based biometric identification isn\u2019t widespread at the moment, but the market is <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biometricupdate.com\/201308\/voice-verification-market-in-nascent-stages-but-growth-is-imminent-report\">expected to grow<\/a> within the next few years. Voice recognition, not to be confused with speech recognition, works by <strong>identifying characteristics of a person\u2019s voice<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Last year, Authentify launched a mobile security app called Authentify xFA, which <strong>links digital credentials with a biometric voice print<\/strong>. In addition, GEO Semiconductor, SpeechFX and VoiceVault launched <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20130625006277\/en\/Breakthrough-Home-Automation-launch-Granta-GEO-Semiconductor\">Granta<\/a>, a home automation system with voice recognition capabilities.<\/p>\n<figure>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/look-into-biometric-technology\/voice-recognition.jpg\" alt=\"Voice Recognition\" height=\"169\" width=\"500\">\n<p>Voice recognition is certainly a <strong>very convenient and low cost<\/strong> form of biometric identification, since the technology to collect speech data is readily available in the devices we use daily, such as smartphones. In addition, the voice is indeed <strong>inimitable and singular enough<\/strong> to be used for user identification purposes.<\/p>\n<p>There are a few weaknesses to voice recognition, though. Firstly, <strong>background noise can affect the accuracy<\/strong> of the analysis. In addition, illnesses such as a cold or sore throat may affect a person\u2019s voice enough to make recognition less accurate.<\/p>\n<h3>Heartbeat Biometrics<\/h3>\n<p>Using vital signs, specifically the heartbeat, to identify individuals is not an entirely new idea. An individual\u2019s heartbeat, or electrocardiogram (EGC) wave, is <strong>unique and remains constant<\/strong> even when heart rate increases as a result of excitement or exercise.<\/p>\n<p>Bionym\u2019s Nymi armband is one of the few consumer devices to implement this form of biometric identification to identify users. When the Nymi identifies you, it lets you take control of all the devices linked to your Nymi, which can include your smartphone, computer and even your car.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/look-into-biometric-technology\/nymi.jpg\" alt=\"Nymi\" height=\"324\" width=\"500\"><\/figure>\n<p>The heartbeat might be <strong>one of the most secure physiological attributes<\/strong> that can be used for biometric identification. A person\u2019s ECG wave is unique, not to mention <strong>inimitable and hard to reproduce<\/strong>. ECG scanning is quite convenient, too, as it doesn\u2019t require any invasive scanning procedures or bulky specialised hardware.<\/p>\n<p>The Nymi, after all, is a compact armband, and if future heartbeat scanning devices follow the Nymi\u2019s lead, then heartbeat scanning will probably be <strong>one of the more convenient forms of biometric identification<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Biometrics in The Future<\/h2>\n<p>There\u2019s always a lot of research and development going on in biometrics, be it looking into new physiological attributes to be used for biometric identification or research focused on improving currently-available forms of biometric identification. There\u2019s a lot to look forward to when it comes to new forms of biometric identification.<\/p>\n<h3>Gait Analysis<\/h3>\n<p>Gait analysis, the <strong>analysis of how a person walks<\/strong>, is quite an interesting prospective method of biometric identification. There are two general methods used in gait biometrics. The first method <strong>uses camera footage<\/strong> which is then analyzed and processed by computers using a variety of different algorithms.<\/p>\n<p>The second method, discovered by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University, <strong>uses a smartphone\u2019s accelerometers<\/strong> to identify a person according to their gait with up to 99.4% accuracy. This method is particularly interesting, as it could conceivably be used to automatically shut a smartphone down if it detects a gait that\u2019s different from that of the owner.<\/p>\n<figure>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/look-into-biometric-technology\/walking.jpg\" alt=\"Walking\" height=\"396\" width=\"500\">\n<em>(Image Source: Ordnance Survey)<\/em>\n<h3>Body Odor<\/h3>\n<p>Quite recently, researchers from the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid announced that they were making progress on the use of <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sciencex.com\/wire-news\/152964744\/body-odor-as-a-biometric-identifier.html\">body odor as a biometric identifier<\/a>. According to the researchers, certain characteristics of a person\u2019s body odor are <strong>consistent throughout their lives<\/strong>, which would allow body odor-based biometrics to identify individuals with <strong>up to an 85% accuracy rating<\/strong>. It remains to be seen how this might be integrated into consumer electronics, but the high accuracy rating is promising.<\/p>\n<h3>DNA<\/h3>\n<p>The next frontier in biometrics, however, has to be DNA, which is possibly <strong>the most accurate way to identify an individual<\/strong>. Admittedly, testing for DNA is nothing new and has been used in law enforcement for a while, but DNA testing in everyday biometrics is still a ways away.<\/p>\n<p>The problem is that DNA testing <strong>doesn\u2019t return instant results<\/strong>, and anyone who\u2019s seen episodes of <em>CSI<\/em> will know that it requires specialised equipment. Even a \u201crapid\u201d DNA testing machine such as the <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/sg\/en\/home\/industrial\/forensics\/human-identification\/forensic-dna-analysis\/dna-analysis\/rapidhit-id-system-human-identification\/rapidhit-id-system-crime-labs\/integenx-by-thermo-fisher-scientific-rapidhitid.html\">IntegenX RapidHIT<\/a> cost $245,000 in 2012, and is definitely <strong>too inconvenient for use outside of law enforcement<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.hongkiat.com\/uploads\/look-into-biometric-technology\/dna-strand.jpg\" alt=\"DNA Strand\" height=\"375\" width=\"500\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"sue-icon-text su-image-caption\" data-url=\"\" data-target=\"self\" style=\"min-height:34px;padding-left:36px;color:#333333\">\n<div class=\"sue-icon-text-icon\" style=\"color:#333333;font-size:24px;width:24px;height:24px\"><i class=\"sui sui-photo\" style=\"font-size:24px;color:#333333\"><\/i><\/div>\n<div class=\"sue-icon-text-content su-u-trim\" style=\"color:#333333\">Image Source: NIST<\/div>\n<div style=\"clear:both;height:0\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>While DNA-based biometrics will probably never be cheap or convenient enough for use in portable consumer electronics, researchers are <strong>constantly looking for ways to make DNA testing quicker and cheaper<\/strong>. It\u2019s not impossible that, one day, the technology currently being used in law enforcement will make its way into the home, allowing home owners to secure their homes with DNA-testing biometric security.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>There\u2019s no denying the fact that <strong>biometric technology is here to stay<\/strong>. The variety of methods and implementations that are currently available and coming soon is proof enough of this, but the fact that research is still ongoing, looking for new and improved methods of biometric identification, definitely reinforces that fact.<\/p>\n<p>Biometrics aren\u2019t perfect, and there will definitely be teething problems, notably the aforementioned issue with <strong>biometrics being uncancellable<\/strong>, but a future where we won\u2019t have to remember a myriad of different passwords for all the devices and accounts in our ever-connected lives is definitely on the horizon.<\/p>\n<\/figure><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article was first Published on: Feb 26, 2014. With increasingly more sensitive and personal information being stored on devices nowadays, biometric technology has become more and more important for security, and to ensure that this information doesn\u2019t fall into the wrong hands. The popularity of Apple\u2019s iPhone 5s, with its Touch ID fingerprint scanning&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":131,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3403],"tags":[1962,646],"topic":[4522],"class_list":["entry-content","is-maxi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.8 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Look Into: Biometric Technology - Hongkiat<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article was first Published on: Feb 26, 2014. 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